Integrand size = 29, antiderivative size = 99 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{x^5 \sqrt {-1+c x} \sqrt {1+c x}} \, dx=\frac {a \sqrt {-1+c x} \sqrt {1+c x}}{4 x^4}+\frac {\left (4 b+3 a c^2\right ) \sqrt {-1+c x} \sqrt {1+c x}}{8 x^2}+\frac {1}{8} c^2 \left (4 b+3 a c^2\right ) \arctan \left (\sqrt {-1+c x} \sqrt {1+c x}\right ) \]
1/8*c^2*(3*a*c^2+4*b)*arctan((c*x-1)^(1/2)*(c*x+1)^(1/2))+1/4*a*(c*x-1)^(1 /2)*(c*x+1)^(1/2)/x^4+1/8*(3*a*c^2+4*b)*(c*x-1)^(1/2)*(c*x+1)^(1/2)/x^2
Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 78, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.79 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{x^5 \sqrt {-1+c x} \sqrt {1+c x}} \, dx=\frac {1}{8} \left (\frac {\sqrt {-1+c x} \sqrt {1+c x} \left (4 b x^2+a \left (2+3 c^2 x^2\right )\right )}{x^4}+\left (8 b c^2+6 a c^4\right ) \arctan \left (\sqrt {\frac {-1+c x}{1+c x}}\right )\right ) \]
((Sqrt[-1 + c*x]*Sqrt[1 + c*x]*(4*b*x^2 + a*(2 + 3*c^2*x^2)))/x^4 + (8*b*c ^2 + 6*a*c^4)*ArcTan[Sqrt[(-1 + c*x)/(1 + c*x)]])/8
Time = 0.23 (sec) , antiderivative size = 94, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.95, number of steps used = 6, number of rules used = 5, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.172, Rules used = {956, 114, 27, 103, 218}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
| \(\displaystyle \int \frac {a+b x^2}{x^5 \sqrt {c x-1} \sqrt {c x+1}} \, dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 956 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{4} \left (3 a c^2+4 b\right ) \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {c x-1} \sqrt {c x+1}}dx+\frac {a \sqrt {c x-1} \sqrt {c x+1}}{4 x^4}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 114 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{4} \left (3 a c^2+4 b\right ) \left (\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {c^2}{x \sqrt {c x-1} \sqrt {c x+1}}dx+\frac {\sqrt {c x-1} \sqrt {c x+1}}{2 x^2}\right )+\frac {a \sqrt {c x-1} \sqrt {c x+1}}{4 x^4}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 27 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{4} \left (3 a c^2+4 b\right ) \left (\frac {1}{2} c^2 \int \frac {1}{x \sqrt {c x-1} \sqrt {c x+1}}dx+\frac {\sqrt {c x-1} \sqrt {c x+1}}{2 x^2}\right )+\frac {a \sqrt {c x-1} \sqrt {c x+1}}{4 x^4}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 103 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{4} \left (3 a c^2+4 b\right ) \left (\frac {1}{2} c^3 \int \frac {1}{(c x-1) (c x+1) c+c}d\left (\sqrt {c x-1} \sqrt {c x+1}\right )+\frac {\sqrt {c x-1} \sqrt {c x+1}}{2 x^2}\right )+\frac {a \sqrt {c x-1} \sqrt {c x+1}}{4 x^4}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 218 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{4} \left (3 a c^2+4 b\right ) \left (\frac {1}{2} c^2 \arctan \left (\sqrt {c x-1} \sqrt {c x+1}\right )+\frac {\sqrt {c x-1} \sqrt {c x+1}}{2 x^2}\right )+\frac {a \sqrt {c x-1} \sqrt {c x+1}}{4 x^4}\) |
(a*Sqrt[-1 + c*x]*Sqrt[1 + c*x])/(4*x^4) + ((4*b + 3*a*c^2)*((Sqrt[-1 + c* x]*Sqrt[1 + c*x])/(2*x^2) + (c^2*ArcTan[Sqrt[-1 + c*x]*Sqrt[1 + c*x]])/2)) /4
3.4.57.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] && !Ma tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
Int[1/(Sqrt[(a_.) + (b_.)*(x_)]*Sqrt[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]*((e_.) + (f_.)*(x_ ))), x_] :> Simp[b*f Subst[Int[1/(d*(b*e - a*f)^2 + b*f^2*x^2), x], x, Sq rt[a + b*x]*Sqrt[c + d*x]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f}, x] && EqQ[2*b*d *e - f*(b*c + a*d), 0]
Int[((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_))^(n_)*((e_.) + (f_.)*(x_) )^(p_), x_] :> Simp[b*(a + b*x)^(m + 1)*(c + d*x)^(n + 1)*((e + f*x)^(p + 1 )/((m + 1)*(b*c - a*d)*(b*e - a*f))), x] + Simp[1/((m + 1)*(b*c - a*d)*(b*e - a*f)) Int[(a + b*x)^(m + 1)*(c + d*x)^n*(e + f*x)^p*Simp[a*d*f*(m + 1) - b*(d*e*(m + n + 2) + c*f*(m + p + 2)) - b*d*f*(m + n + p + 3)*x, x], x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, n, p}, x] && ILtQ[m, -1] && (IntegerQ[n] || IntegersQ[2*n, 2*p] || ILtQ[m + n + p + 3, 0])
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(Rt[a/b, 2]/a)*ArcTan[x/R t[a/b, 2]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b]
Int[((e_.)*(x_))^(m_.)*((a1_) + (b1_.)*(x_)^(non2_.))^(p_.)*((a2_) + (b2_.) *(x_)^(non2_.))^(p_.)*((c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^(n_)), x_Symbol] :> Simp[c*(e*x)^( m + 1)*(a1 + b1*x^(n/2))^(p + 1)*((a2 + b2*x^(n/2))^(p + 1)/(a1*a2*e*(m + 1 ))), x] + Simp[(a1*a2*d*(m + 1) - b1*b2*c*(m + n*(p + 1) + 1))/(a1*a2*e^n*( m + 1)) Int[(e*x)^(m + n)*(a1 + b1*x^(n/2))^p*(a2 + b2*x^(n/2))^p, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a1, b1, a2, b2, c, d, e, p}, x] && EqQ[non2, n/2] && EqQ[a2*b1 + a1*b2, 0] && (IntegerQ[n] || GtQ[e, 0]) && ((GtQ[n, 0] && LtQ[m, -1]) || ( LtQ[n, 0] && GtQ[m + n, -1])) && !ILtQ[p, -1]
Time = 4.05 (sec) , antiderivative size = 94, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.95
| method | result | size |
| risch | \(\frac {\sqrt {c x -1}\, \sqrt {c x +1}\, \left (3 a \,c^{2} x^{2}+4 b \,x^{2}+2 a \right )}{8 x^{4}}-\frac {c^{2} \left (3 c^{2} a +4 b \right ) \arctan \left (\frac {1}{\sqrt {c^{2} x^{2}-1}}\right ) \sqrt {\left (c x -1\right ) \left (c x +1\right )}}{8 \sqrt {c x -1}\, \sqrt {c x +1}}\) | \(94\) |
| default | \(-\frac {\sqrt {c x -1}\, \sqrt {c x +1}\, \left (3 \arctan \left (\frac {1}{\sqrt {c^{2} x^{2}-1}}\right ) a \,c^{4} x^{4}+4 \arctan \left (\frac {1}{\sqrt {c^{2} x^{2}-1}}\right ) b \,c^{2} x^{4}-3 \sqrt {c^{2} x^{2}-1}\, a \,c^{2} x^{2}-4 \sqrt {c^{2} x^{2}-1}\, b \,x^{2}-2 \sqrt {c^{2} x^{2}-1}\, a \right )}{8 \sqrt {c^{2} x^{2}-1}\, x^{4}}\) | \(125\) |
1/8*(c*x-1)^(1/2)*(c*x+1)^(1/2)*(3*a*c^2*x^2+4*b*x^2+2*a)/x^4-1/8*c^2*(3*a *c^2+4*b)*arctan(1/(c^2*x^2-1)^(1/2))*((c*x-1)*(c*x+1))^(1/2)/(c*x-1)^(1/2 )/(c*x+1)^(1/2)
Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 78, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.79 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{x^5 \sqrt {-1+c x} \sqrt {1+c x}} \, dx=\frac {2 \, {\left (3 \, a c^{4} + 4 \, b c^{2}\right )} x^{4} \arctan \left (-c x + \sqrt {c x + 1} \sqrt {c x - 1}\right ) + {\left ({\left (3 \, a c^{2} + 4 \, b\right )} x^{2} + 2 \, a\right )} \sqrt {c x + 1} \sqrt {c x - 1}}{8 \, x^{4}} \]
1/8*(2*(3*a*c^4 + 4*b*c^2)*x^4*arctan(-c*x + sqrt(c*x + 1)*sqrt(c*x - 1)) + ((3*a*c^2 + 4*b)*x^2 + 2*a)*sqrt(c*x + 1)*sqrt(c*x - 1))/x^4
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{x^5 \sqrt {-1+c x} \sqrt {1+c x}} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
Time = 0.37 (sec) , antiderivative size = 85, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.86 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{x^5 \sqrt {-1+c x} \sqrt {1+c x}} \, dx=-\frac {3}{8} \, a c^{4} \arcsin \left (\frac {1}{c {\left | x \right |}}\right ) - \frac {1}{2} \, b c^{2} \arcsin \left (\frac {1}{c {\left | x \right |}}\right ) + \frac {3 \, \sqrt {c^{2} x^{2} - 1} a c^{2}}{8 \, x^{2}} + \frac {\sqrt {c^{2} x^{2} - 1} b}{2 \, x^{2}} + \frac {\sqrt {c^{2} x^{2} - 1} a}{4 \, x^{4}} \]
-3/8*a*c^4*arcsin(1/(c*abs(x))) - 1/2*b*c^2*arcsin(1/(c*abs(x))) + 3/8*sqr t(c^2*x^2 - 1)*a*c^2/x^2 + 1/2*sqrt(c^2*x^2 - 1)*b/x^2 + 1/4*sqrt(c^2*x^2 - 1)*a/x^4
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 268 vs. \(2 (81) = 162\).
Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 268, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.71 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{x^5 \sqrt {-1+c x} \sqrt {1+c x}} \, dx=-\frac {{\left (3 \, a c^{5} + 4 \, b c^{3}\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, {\left (\sqrt {c x + 1} - \sqrt {c x - 1}\right )}^{2}\right ) + \frac {2 \, {\left (3 \, a c^{5} {\left (\sqrt {c x + 1} - \sqrt {c x - 1}\right )}^{14} + 4 \, b c^{3} {\left (\sqrt {c x + 1} - \sqrt {c x - 1}\right )}^{14} + 44 \, a c^{5} {\left (\sqrt {c x + 1} - \sqrt {c x - 1}\right )}^{10} + 16 \, b c^{3} {\left (\sqrt {c x + 1} - \sqrt {c x - 1}\right )}^{10} - 176 \, a c^{5} {\left (\sqrt {c x + 1} - \sqrt {c x - 1}\right )}^{6} - 64 \, b c^{3} {\left (\sqrt {c x + 1} - \sqrt {c x - 1}\right )}^{6} - 192 \, a c^{5} {\left (\sqrt {c x + 1} - \sqrt {c x - 1}\right )}^{2} - 256 \, b c^{3} {\left (\sqrt {c x + 1} - \sqrt {c x - 1}\right )}^{2}\right )}}{{\left ({\left (\sqrt {c x + 1} - \sqrt {c x - 1}\right )}^{4} + 4\right )}^{4}}}{4 \, c} \]
-1/4*((3*a*c^5 + 4*b*c^3)*arctan(1/2*(sqrt(c*x + 1) - sqrt(c*x - 1))^2) + 2*(3*a*c^5*(sqrt(c*x + 1) - sqrt(c*x - 1))^14 + 4*b*c^3*(sqrt(c*x + 1) - s qrt(c*x - 1))^14 + 44*a*c^5*(sqrt(c*x + 1) - sqrt(c*x - 1))^10 + 16*b*c^3* (sqrt(c*x + 1) - sqrt(c*x - 1))^10 - 176*a*c^5*(sqrt(c*x + 1) - sqrt(c*x - 1))^6 - 64*b*c^3*(sqrt(c*x + 1) - sqrt(c*x - 1))^6 - 192*a*c^5*(sqrt(c*x + 1) - sqrt(c*x - 1))^2 - 256*b*c^3*(sqrt(c*x + 1) - sqrt(c*x - 1))^2)/((s qrt(c*x + 1) - sqrt(c*x - 1))^4 + 4)^4)/c
Time = 31.05 (sec) , antiderivative size = 650, normalized size of antiderivative = 6.57 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{x^5 \sqrt {-1+c x} \sqrt {1+c x}} \, dx=\frac {\frac {b\,c^2\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{32}+\frac {b\,c^2\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^2\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{16\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^2}-\frac {b\,c^2\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^4\,15{}\mathrm {i}}{32\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^4}}{\frac {{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^2}{{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^2}+\frac {2\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^4}{{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^4}+\frac {{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^6}{{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^6}}-\frac {\frac {a\,c^4\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{1024}-\frac {a\,c^4\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^2\,3{}\mathrm {i}}{128\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^2}-\frac {a\,c^4\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^4\,53{}\mathrm {i}}{512\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^4}+\frac {a\,c^4\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^6\,87{}\mathrm {i}}{256\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^6}+\frac {a\,c^4\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^8\,657{}\mathrm {i}}{1024\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^8}+\frac {a\,c^4\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^{10}\,121{}\mathrm {i}}{256\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^{10}}}{\frac {{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^4}{{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^4}+\frac {4\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^6}{{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^6}+\frac {6\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^8}{{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^8}+\frac {4\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^{10}}{{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^{10}}+\frac {{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^{12}}{{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^{12}}}-\frac {a\,c^4\,\ln \left (\frac {{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^2}{{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^2}+1\right )\,3{}\mathrm {i}}{8}-\frac {b\,c^2\,\ln \left (\frac {{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^2}{{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^2}+1\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}+\frac {a\,c^4\,\ln \left (\frac {\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}}{\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1}\right )\,3{}\mathrm {i}}{8}+\frac {b\,c^2\,\ln \left (\frac {\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}}{\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1}\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}+\frac {a\,c^4\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^2\,7{}\mathrm {i}}{256\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^2}-\frac {a\,c^4\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^4\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{1024\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^4}+\frac {b\,c^2\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x-1}-\mathrm {i}\right )}^2\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{32\,{\left (\sqrt {c\,x+1}-1\right )}^2} \]
((b*c^2*1i)/32 + (b*c^2*((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^2*1i)/(16*((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^2) - (b*c^2*((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^4*15i)/(32*((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^4 ))/(((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^2/((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^2 + (2*((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^4)/((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^4 + ((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^6/((c*x + 1)^(1 /2) - 1)^6) - ((a*c^4*1i)/1024 - (a*c^4*((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^2*3i)/(128* ((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^2) - (a*c^4*((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^4*53i)/(512*((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^4) + (a*c^4*((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^6*87i)/(256*((c*x + 1) ^(1/2) - 1)^6) + (a*c^4*((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^8*657i)/(1024*((c*x + 1)^(1 /2) - 1)^8) + (a*c^4*((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^10*121i)/(256*((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^10))/(((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^4/((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^4 + (4*((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^6)/((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^6 + (6*((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^8)/( (c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^8 + (4*((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^10)/((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^10 + ((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^12/((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^12) - (a*c^4*log(( (c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^2/((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^2 + 1)*3i)/8 - (b*c^2*log((( c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^2/((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^2 + 1)*1i)/2 + (a*c^4*log(((c *x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)/((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1))*3i)/8 + (b*c^2*log(((c*x - 1)^( 1/2) - 1i)/((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1))*1i)/2 + (a*c^4*((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^2* 7i)/(256*((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^2) - (a*c^4*((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^4*1i)/(1 024*((c*x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^4) + (b*c^2*((c*x - 1)^(1/2) - 1i)^2*1i)/(32*((c *x + 1)^(1/2) - 1)^2)